Tanaman kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merril) merupakan salah satu komoditas tanaman pangan yang dibudidayakan masyarakat Indonesia sebagai sumber utama protein nabati. Kendala budidaya tanaman kedelai terutama pada lahan kering adalah ketersediaan air yang rendah dan kompetisi dengan gulma serta adanya gangguan hama serangga. Untuk mengurangi penguapan air tanah dan pertumbuhan gulma dapat digunakan mulsa jerami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter anatomis dan fisiologis tanaman kedelai (Glycine max (L.)Merril) ‘Grobogan’ hasil perlakuan kekeringan dan mulsa jerami serta ketebalan mulsa dan level penyiraman yang dapat meningkatkan produksi tanaman kedelai. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor dan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah cekaman air yang terdiri atas penyiraman (C0 = setiap hari, C1 = sekali seminggu dan C2 = sekali 2 minggu) dan faktor kedua adalah penggunaan mulsa jerami yang terdiri dari (M0= tanpa mulsa, M1=1 cm, M2= 3 cm dan M3= 5 cm). Perlakuan dilakukan selama 60 hari. Parameter anatomis yang diamati (tebal epidermis, korteks dan diameter trakea akar dan batang; endodermis, stele dan jumlah lapis sel penyusun korteks akar; tebal xilem batang dan daun; indeks stomata, jumlah trikoma dan tebal mesofil daun); parameter pertumbuhan dan fisiologi tanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang akar, jumlah polong dan biji, berat basah dan berat kering akar, pucuk dan rasio akar-tajuk, kadar prolin akar dan kadar klorofil daun); parameter lingkungan (pH tanah, suhu, intensitas cahaya dan kelembaban). Data dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dengan uji lanjut DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) pada taraf 5% menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan cekaman kekeringan yang disiram sekli seminggu dan sekali 2 minggu dengan mulsa jerami 1 cm, 3 cm dan 5 cm meningkatkan ketebalan sel epidermis, korteks, endodermis, stele, mesofil, indeks stomata, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah polong dan biji, berat basah dan kering tajuk, dan klorofil namun menurun pada perlakuan tanpa mulsa. perlakuan cekaman kekeringan yang disiram sekali seminggu dan sekali dalam 2 minggu dengan mulsa jerami 1 cm, 3 cm dan 5 cm menurunkan jumlah trikoma, panjang akar, rasio akar-tajuk dan kadar prolin, namun meningkat pada perlakuan tanpa mulsa. Kata kunci: Kedelai, Anatomis, Pertumbuhan, Mulsa jerami, kekeringan

Soybean plant (Glycine max (L.) Merril) is one of the crop commodities which has been cultivated by Indonesian people as primary source of vegetable protein. The difficulties on cultivating soybean plant especially in dryland are lack of water availability, competition with weeds and insect pests. Straw mulches can be used to reduced ground water evaporation and weeds growth. This research were aimed to know the anatomy and physiology characters of soybean (Glycine max (L.)Merril) ‘Grobogan’ resulted from drought and straw mulches treatments, and aimed to know mulches thickness and watering level can increased the growth and production of soybean. The design of this experiment was Completely Randomized Design with two factors and three replicates. The first factor was the frequency of watering which consist of ( C0 = watering once in a day, C1 = once in a week and C2 = once in two weeks) and the second factor was straw mulches usage which consist of (M0 = without mulches, M1= 1 cm, M2 = 3 cm, M3 =5 cm). Treatments were done for 60 days. The observed parameters were anatomy parameters (epidermis, korteks thickness and trachea diameter roots and stem; endodermis, stele and number of one cell layer of cortex roots; xylem thickness stem and leaf; stomata index, number of trichomes and mesopyll thickness leaf), plant growth and physiology parameters (plant height, number of leaves, root lengths, number of pods and seeds, fresh weight and dry weight of root and shoots, root-shoots ratio, root proline content, and leaf chlorophyll content), environment parameters (soil pH, temperature, light and humidity intensity). Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) then continued with DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) in 5% level used SPSS. The result of treatments that drought watering once a week and watering once two week and straw mulches treatment 1 cm, 3 cm and 5 cm thickness increased the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, stele and mesopyll thickness, stomata indexs, plant height , number of leaves, pods and seeds, fresh weight and dry weight of shoots and chlorophyll content but reduced in without mulches treatment. Conclusion from this research was that shows that drought watering once a week and watering once two week and straw mulches treatment 1 cm, 3 cm and 5 cm thickness reduced number of trichomes, root length, roots-shoots ratio and prolin content but increased in without mulches treatment. Keywords: Soybean, Anatomy, Growth, Straw Mulches, Drought

Kata Kunci : Kedelai, Anatomis, Pertumbuhan, Mulsa jerami, kekeringan; Soybean, Anatomy, Growth, Straw Mulches, Drought