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PERSEPSI DAN ADAPTASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGURANGAN RISIKO DAMPAK EROSI PANTAI DI KABUPATEN PINRANG SULAWESI SELATAN

Rusdi, Prof. Dr Rer. Nat Muh Aris Marfai, M.Sc.

2014 | Tesis | S2 Geografi

Erosi pantai di Kabupaten Pinrang Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan telah mengakibatkan permasalahan lingkungan dan sosial, sedangkan masyarakat pesisir sangat menggantungkan hidupnya pada sumber daya pesisir. Masyarakat melakukan berbagai upaya untuk mengurangi dampak negatif tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui persepsi masyarakat tentang erosi pantai, mendeskripsikan dampak sosial ekonomi dan budaya, adaptasi masyarakat dalam pengurangan risiko dampak erosi pantai, dan peran pemerintah dalam menanggapi dampak erosi pantai. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara mendalam dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Informan diwawancarai merupakan tokoh- tokoh kunci, instansi pemerintah dan masyarakat yang telah mengalaminya. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dilakukan dengan mempertemukan masyarakat dengan Instansi Pemerintah.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, masyarakat telah mengetahui dan sadar tentang kejadian tersebut, namun pengetahuan mereka masih bervariasi sesuai dengan sudut pandang dan pengalamannya. Masyarakat pesisir telah mengetahui waktu terjadi erosi pantai yaitu bulan Desember sampai bulan Maret. Erosi pantai mengakibatkan hilangnya lahan permukiman dan lahan tambak, kerusakan bangunan, kehilangan mata pencaharian dan kehilangaan rasa aman, perubahan pola tingkah laku masyarakat. Bentuk adaptasi dilakukan oleh masyarakat yaitu pembangunan rumah panggung, pembuatan pagar sementara dari bambu. Sebagian masyarakat melakukan adaptasi bersifat reaksioner, walaupun merasa terancam, mereka tetap bertahan karena tidak tersedianya lahan, akses terhadap lapangan kerja dekat dengan tempat tinggalnya, mahalnya biaya berpindah tempat. Peran pemerintah terhadap penanganan erosi pantai yaitu penanganan struktural dan konservasi. Penanganan secara struktural seperti pembangunan bronjong (groin), breakwater, revetment, seawall sedangkan penanganan secara konservasi dengan penanaman mangrove.

Coastal erosion in Pinrang regency has caused environmental and social issues. Meanwhile, coastal communities rely on their lives on coastal resources. Therefore, the communities make various attemps to reduce the negative impact of it. The aims of this research are: to find communities’ perception on coastal erosion, to describe the social, economy, and cultural impact; to explain the community’s adaptation on coastal erosion risk for reduction and to explain the role of the government in responding the impacts of coastal erosion in Pinrang regency, South Sulawesi. The method used in collecting data is in-depth interview and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The sampling technique of this research is purposive sampling. The correspondences are the public figures for communities, government agencies and coastal communities are directly experienced by coastal erosion. Focus Group Discussion is conducted by bringing the communities and government agencies together. The result of the research showed that the communities have already known well and been aware on coastal erosion events in Pinrang coastal area. But their knowledge depends still variously on experiences in dealing with coastal erosion. Communities already knew that the erosion usually had emerged from December to March. Coastal erosion results of the loss are: residence, embankment, building damage, lose of livelihoods, and also loss of sense of safety, and the change of behavior patterns of communities. Adaptations made by the community are home theater development and manufacturing of temporary fence made of bamboo. Most people do an adaptation of a reactionary nature. While communities feel threatened but people are goig to persevere because of no lands their own, access to getting near jobs from their place, the highest cost needed to move. The role of the government's handling of the sbeach erosion is structurally and conservatively. Structurally, as a baronjong development (groin), breakwater, Revetment, seawall, the softly handling solution is by mangrove planting.

Kata Kunci : Erosi pantai, persepsi, adaptasi masyarakat, peran pemerintah.


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