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NANOENKAPSULASI EKSTRAK KUNYIT DENGAN KITOSAN DAN SODIUM-TRIPOLIFOSFAT SEBAGAI ADITIF PAKAN DALAM UPAYA PERBAIKAN KECERNAAN, KINERJA DAN KUALITAS DAGING AYAM BROILER

Ir. Sundari, MP, Prof. Dr. Ir. Zuprizal, DEA.

2014 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari formula nanokapsul ekstrak kunyit dan level terbaik pemakaiannya pada kecernaan, kinerja dan kualitas daging ayam broiler. Penelitian terdiri atas 3 tahap: 1). Dicari formula terbaik dari 12 kombinasi: 2 konsentrasi ekstrak kunyit (0,01 dan 0,02%), 3 konsentrasi kitosan (0,01; 0,02, dan 0,03%), dan 2 konsentrasi STPP (0,01 dan 0,02%), 2). Total koleksi pakan dan ekskreta dari 120 ekor ayam broiler dibagi secara acak ke dalam 20 perlakuan masing-masing 6 ekor, untuk diuji kecernaan nutrien dan energi metabolis. 3). Ayam broiler jantan strain Lohmann 120 ekor dibagi secara acak ke dalam 10 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan dan 4 ekor tiap unit sangkar, untuk mencari level terbaik pada kinerja usus, produksi dan kualitas daging. Data dianalisis dengan one way ANOVA, jika ada perbedaan nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan‟s. Hasil penelitian tahap-1 diperoleh formula nanokapsul E terbaik yaitu perbandingan ekstrak kunyit: kitosan: STPP = 2%:2%:1% w/v dengan imbangan pelarut berturut-turut etanol: buffer asetat pH 4: aquades = 1:8:1, untuk 1000 ml, mempunyai daya antibakteri sedang diameter hambat 5-10 mm pada E. coli. Pada tahap-2 diperoleh level terbaik berbeda nyata (P<0,05) penambahan nanokapsul pada 0,1% menghasilkan TME 3370,66 kcal/kg dan pada 0,4% menghasilkan kecernaan nutrien (BK 73%, BO 76%, PK 69%, LK 78%, dan SK 25%). Pada tahap-3 diperoleh level optimal pada penambahan nanokapsul 0,2% menghasilkan FCR 1,71 yang beda tidak nyata (P>0,05) dengan lainnya, dan level 0,4% menghasilkan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) pada tebal mukosa terbaik (979,70 µm) setara pemakaian basitracin 50 ppm dan daging kaya protein 22,57%, tinggi daya ikat air (21,36%), kaya asam lemak EPA 1,38% dan DHA 2,08 %. Kesimpulan: Nanokapsul ekstrak kunyit formula E mempunyai daya antibakteri, pemakaian 0,4% dalam ransum dapat menggantikan pemakaian antibiotik basitrasin 50 ppm dan memperbaiki kinerja usus, kecernaan nutrien, kinerja produksi dan kualitas daging ayam broiler.

This study aimed to look for the formula and the best level of nanocapsule (nanoparticle = NP) turmeric extract on digestibility, performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. The study composed of 3 stages, namely: 1). Looking for the best formula of 12 combinations with three factors as the following: 2 turmeric extract concentrations (0.01 and 0.02%) , 3 chitosan concentrations (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03%) , and 2 STPP concentrations (0.01 and 0.02%), 2). Looking for optimal level of NP on nutrient digestibility and metabolizable energy by total collection method of feed and excreta from 120 broiler chickens which were randomly divided into 20 treatments of 6 birds each. 3). Looking for the best level of NP in the diet on intestinal performance, production performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. The third stage had used 120 male broiler chickens of Lohmann strain, which were randomly divided into 10 treatments with 3 replications and 4 birds per unit cage. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, if there were any significant differences then followed by Duncan’s test. The results obtained from stage 1 was that the best formula to be E nanocapsule having proportion values between turmeric extract to chitosan and to STPP to be 2%:2%:1% w/v with the proportion values between successive solvent ethanol to acetate buffer of pH 4 and to distilled water to be 1:8:1 for 1000 ml, it had the antibacterial activity on E. coli with 5 to 10 mm inhibitory zone diameter. On stage 2 it was seen that the best result significantly different (P<0.05) was found from adding nanocapsule at the level of 0.1% giving true metabolizable energy (TME) value of 3370.66 kcal/kg, and at the level of 0.4% produced nutrient digestibilities (dry matter as much 73%, organic matter 76%, crude protein 67%, crude fat 78% and crude fiber 25%). On stage 3 it was found out that optimal level was the addition of nanocapsule 0.2% which produced FCR value of 1.71 although not different statiatically with the other levels (P>0.05). At level of 0.4% produced best values (P<0.05) of mucosa thickness 979.70 µm which was equivalent to the use of 50 ppm bacitracin, meat protein of 22.57%, high water-holding capacity of 21.36%, rich EPA fatty acids of 1.38% and DHA of 2.08%. It was concluded that nanocapsule turmeric extract of E formula had antibacterial activity, and the use of 0.4% in the diets could replace the use 50 ppm bacitracin and could improve intestinal performance, nutrient digestibilities, production performance and meat quality of broiler chickens

Kata Kunci : Nanokapsul, Ekstrak kunyit, Kecernaan nutrien, Kinerja produksi, Kualitas daging, Ayam broiler


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