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MASYARAKAT DAN TAMAN NASIONAL: AKOMODASI KEPENTINGAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN TAMAN NASIONAL BANTIMURUNG BULUSARAUNG

ABD. KADIR W., Prof. Dr. Ir. San Afri Awang, M.Sc.

2013 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Kehutanan

Abdul Kadir Wakka (09/291383/SKT/0071). “Masyarakat dan Taman Nasional: Akomodasi Kepentingan Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung” di bawah bimbingan Prof. Dr. Ir. San Afri Awang, M.Sc. sebagai Promotor dan Dr. Ir. Ris Hadi Purwanto, M.Agr.Sc serta Dr. Erny Poedjirahajoe, MP. sebagai Ko-Promotor. Perubahan fungsi kawasan hutan menjadi TN Babul berdampak terhadap aktivitas masyarakat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidunya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan data dan memberi penjelasan mengenai (1) problem sosial ekonomi masyarakat sekitar TN Babul, (2) dialektika kebijakan dalam mengakomodasi kepentingan masyarakat, serta (3) merumuskan skenario kebijakan terkait strategi akomodasi kepentingan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan TN Babul. Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan deskriptive analysis, content analysis, stakeholder analysis, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), dan prospective analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa problem sosial ekonomi masyarakat sekitar kawasan TN Babul adalah terbatasnya lahan garapan masyarakat, proses capacity building petani berjalan lambat, tingginya tingkat ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap kawasan TN Babul, serta terbatasnya akses masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan sumberdaya hutan dalam kawasan TN Babul. Kondisi tersebut berdampak pada rendahnya tingkat pendapatan dan tingginya kemiskinan masyarakat sekitar kawasan TN Babul. Berbagai kebijakan pemerintah terkait pengelolaan taman nasional belum mampu mengatasi permasalahan pengelolaan TN Babul yang berkaitan dengan keberadaan dan aktivitas masyarakat dalam kawasan taman nasional untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya ketidak-konsistenan antara pasal-pasal dalam satu peraturan yang sama serta ketidak-sesuaian antara peraturan satu dengan yang lainnya sehingga saling bertentangan dan sulit diimplementasikan. Untuk itu diperlukan penyempurnaan-penyempurnaan sehingga kebijakan tersebut dapat diimplementasikan. Strategi akomodasi kepentingan masyarakat yang sesuai untuk kondisi TN Babul adalah dengan melakukan pengelolaan kolaborasi. Pengelolaan kolaborasi ini akan berhasil apabila kebijakan pemerintah mengalami perbaikan, terjadi transformasi TN Babul menjadi KPH, kesadaran akan saling ketergantungan kepentingan semakin meningkat, kapasitas SDM pelaksana kolaborasi semakin meningkat, kemampuan menjalin jaringan kerja, koordinasi dan kerjasama semakin meningkat.

Abdul Kadir Wakka (09/291383/SKT/0071). Community and National Park: The Public Interest Accomodation in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park Management\\" Supervised by Prof. Dr.. Ir. San Afri Awang, M.Sc. as a promoter and Dr. Ir. Ris Hadi Purwanto, M.Agr.Sc and Dr. Erny Poedjirahajoe, MP. as co-promoter. Changes the function of forest area to Babul National Park (Babul NP) impact on community activities in meeting their needs. This study aims to get data and to provide explanation about (1) socio-economic problems of the people around Babul NP, (2) policy dialetics related to management of Babul NP to accommodate the interests of society, and (3) to formulate policy scenarios related to management stategies of public interests accommodation to Babul NP. The approach used to answer this research question is qualitative approach to the case study method. The data was collected through a series of activities such as field observations, people and key infomants interviews around the Babul NP, as well as through documentation/archieve study. The collected data was then analyzed using descriptive analysis, content analysis, stakeholder analysis, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and prospective analysis in accordance with the research objectives to be achieved The results showed that the socio-economic problems of the people around the area of TN Babul are: the limited arable land, slow process of farmers' capacity building, the high level of community dependence on the region Babul NP, as well as limited access to the community in the use of forest resources in the region TN Babul. The conditions above ultimately result in low levels of income and high poverty of the surrounding community of Babul NP. It requires efforts to improve the welfare of the community and reduce their dependence on TN Babul areas through community empowerment program. The presence of government policy, as mentioned above have not been able to solve various problems in the area of management of Babul NP especially regarding the presence and activities of people in the park to meet their needs. This is caused by the inconsistencies between the articles in the same regulatory and contradictory between one regulatory and the others that the regulation is difficult to be implemented. the improvements of government policy related to the management of national parks is needed, so that the policy can be implemented. The strategy of public interest accommodation suitable to Babul NP was to perform collaborative management. Collaborative management was recommended be successful if government policies have been improved, Babul NP was being transform into KPH, the awareness of interdependency interests increaed, the capacity of Babul NP staffs who involved in the collaborative process were increased, the networking capability enhanced, and the increased of coordination and cooperation among stakeholders.

Kata Kunci : TN Babul, problem sosek masyarakat, dialektika kebijakan, strategi akomodasi kepentingan, pengelolaan kolaborasi


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