Latar belakang: Lebih dari 200 juta anak di bawah 5 tahun di Negara berkembang tidak terpenuhi potensi perkembangannya. Potensi perkembangan anak dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu faktor biologis, psikososial, fisik, sosial budaya serta sosial ekonomi. Masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah defisiensi iodium memiliki intelligent quotient (IQ) hingga 13,5 point lebih rendah dibandingkan masyarakat yang tinggal didaerah cukup yodium. Hasil pemantauan garam beryodium oleh Dinas Kesehatan Sleman menunjukkan TGR anak sekolah di kecamatan Cangkringan kabupaten Sleman adalah 39,5%, yang tergolong dalam endemik berat. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui bahwa status gizi (antropometri), prestasi belajar dan motivasi belajar sebagai faktor risiko terhadap kemampuan kognitif anak sekolah dasar di daerah endemik GAKY. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian studi kasus kontrol. Jumlah subjek penelitian: kelompok kasus 107 anak dengan kemampuan kognitif dibawah rata- rata (skor IQ<90) dan kontrol 198 anak dengan kemampuan kognitif diatas rata- rata (skor IQ>90). Pengumpulan data kemampuan kognitif dengan tes CFIT, pengukuran antropometri untuk status gizi, nilai murni Bahasa Indonesia dan Matematika untuk prestasi belajar dan kuesioner untuk motivasi belajar anak. Data diolah secara deskriptif analitik menggunakan uji Chi- Square dan uji beda t- test Hasil: Prevalensi status gizi pendek sebesar 25.9%. terdapat hubungan signifikan antara status gizi (TB/U) (p= 0.046), motivasi belajar (p=0.03) dan prestasi belajar (Bahasa Indonesia, p= 0.00; Matematika, p= 0.00) dengan kemampuan kognitif. Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara status gizi (BMI/U) dengan kemampuan kognitif (p=0.109). Anak dengan status gizi pendek berisiko 1.7 kali memiliki kemampuan kognitif dibawah rata- rata daripada anak normal. Anak dengan motivasi rendah berisiko 3.3 kali memiliki kemampuan kognitif dibawah rata- rata. Kesimpulan: Anak dengan kemampuan kognitif diatas rata- rata memiliki status gizi, motivasi belajar dan prestasi belajar (Bahasa Indonesia maupun Matematika) yang lebih baik daripada yang memiliki kemampuan kognitif dibawah rata- rata.

Background: More than 200 milion children under 5 years old in developing countries are not fulfilled its development potential. Child development potential is influenced by several factors, such as biological factors, psychosocial, physical, social, culture, and socio- economic. People living in iodine deficiency area have intelligent quotient (IQ) up to 13.5 point lower than those living in the area with sufficient iodine. The result of iodinized salt monitoring by Sleman District Health Office shows total goitre rate (TGR) of school children at Subdistrict of Cangkringan, District of Sleman is 39.5, which is categorized in severe iodine deficiency. Objective: To identify nutrition status (anthropometry), academic achievement and learning motivation as risk factors of cognitive ability of school children at IDD endemic areas. Method: The study used a case control design. Samples consisted of 107 children with cognitive ability below average (score IQ<90) as cases and 198 children with cognitive ability above average (score IQ≥90) as control. Data of cognitive ability were obtained through Culture Fair Intelligent Test (CFIT), anthropometric assessment for nutrition status, clean score of Indonesian and mathematics for academic achievement, and questionnaire for learning motivation of children. Data were processed descriptively and analytically using chi square and t-test. Result: The prevalence of short nutrition status was 25.9%. There was significant association between nutrition status (height/age)(p=0.46), learning motivation (p=0.03) and academic achievement (Indonesian, p=0.00; mathematics, p=0.000) and cognitive ability. There was no association between nutrition status (Body Mass Index/age) and cognitive ability (p=0.109). Children with short nutrition status had risk 1.701 times greater for lower cognitive ability. Children with low learning motivation had risk 3.3 times greater for low cognitive ability Conclusion: Children with cognitive ability above average had nutrition status, learning motivation and academic achievement (Indonesia and mathematics) better than those with cognitive ability below average.

Kata Kunci : Kognitif, status gizi, motivasi belajar, prestasi belajar, endemik GAKI.