Until presently, radicalism of the farmers is still one of interesting phenomena to be investigated in social studies, whether political, sociological, historical, or anthropological discipline. Tbis research was implemented rdth the purpose to enrich a treasury of studies about and the intention of radical movements of the farmers. Assuming that radicaliBm of the farmers is related with time and space, this research made effort to seek for and found a special characteristics from radicalism phenomena of the farmers at Rambipuji7 Jenggawah and Mumbulsari Subdistricts, Jember Regency, East Java Province7 reached their radicality peak in mid-1995's. What was the background that be made the farmers take a radical movement~ whether or not ideology form became a power source of the farmers to carry out this movement, and what was the general format of radicaliBID of the farmers in the New Order era, were the focus of this research. Tbe research was initiated by formulating theoretical construction as a guide to organize the research7 to conduct field investigation implementing a profound series of depth interviews and participatory obervations and finally, arranged the data processing with succeed to be collected according to the scientific method. Tbe results indicated that radicalism of the farmers at RambipuJi, Jenggawah and HUmbulsari Subdistricts had special characteristics that had not been found in the result of research about radicalism phenomena of other farmers being investigated so far, particularly radicalism of the farmers that occured in Indonesia during the Dutch colonialism period. Radicalism of the farmers at RambipuJi, Jenggawah and HUmbulsari Subdistricts occured in the line of uncompromiz ing conflic t s be tween noncultivators and cultivators. At least, the corvengency of structural and social relations7 and individual aspects that were the characteristics of the New Order authoritarian regime and "state- qua- state" oriented within their actions, supported by PPP and PDI poll tical parties which are counterpart of the government party (GOlkar), student organizations like HMI , GMNI, PHII, Non- overnmental Organizations, e.g. LBH, and the deprivations of the farmers itself --have been reinforcing factors to the farmer's radical movement. Judging from the radicalization chronology (the process of becoming radicals), the opinion and the perception of the farmers about surrounding reality obtained from a series result of profound depth interviews with the farmers, figures and existing secondary data, radical movement of the farmers was rested by that rational considerations. Tbus, the description that the Jember farmers were backward, irrational and naive was extremely far from the truth. However, the radical .movement they performed was the last effort because their peaceful initiative did not bring results (more than 25 years, that is from 1978/1979 to 1994/1995). In fact, this movement was not based on "rational choice" perspective such as developed by the scientists that follow political- economy approaches on investigating radicalism phenomena of the farmers. Since radical movement of the farmers on Jember Regency was based on this profitloss considerations (but based on efficiency and effectivity principles), the radical movement in the beginning was conducted as means to express their demands. The other finding would considering was that radical movement of the farmers at RambipuJi, Jenggawah and Humbulsari SUbdistricts was horizontal one,namely, the movement being performed without an influential leader who incites them. Every one became the leader and the member. Still another significant finding resulted from the investigation performed by the author it was found that there was no ideology functioned as unifying to the farmers as a source of motivation and solidarity to perform movement has been found in the previous result of another researh. The unifying force of existing source of motivation and solidarity was an common cause and share another trial and tribulations.

Kata Kunci : Radikalisme Petani,Sengketa Tanah