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Pengaruh suplementasi pil besi folat dan pil vitamin C terhadap perubahan kadar haemoglobin anak sekolah dasar yang anemia di desa nelayan Kecamatan Rembang Kota Kabupaten Rembang

PURWANI, Retno Dwi, dr. Hamam Hadi, MS.,ScD

2001 | Tesis | S2 Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang : Anemia pada anak sekolah dasar di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi, penyebabnya antara lain adalah konsumsi makanan dan sanitasi lingkungan yang kurang baik. Upaya yang dilaksanakan dalam rangka menurunkan prevalensi anemia antara lain melalui suplementasi pil besi folat dan vitamin C. Tujuan Penelitian : Untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi kombinasi pil besi folat dan vitamin C terhadap peningkatan kadar haemoglobin dibanding suplementasi pil besi folat saja atau suplementasi pil vitamin C saja. Rancangan penelitian : Radomized Placebo Controlled Trial. Sasaran penelitian adalah anak sekolah dasar yang anemia, umur 6 — 12 tahun di desa nelayan Kecamatan Rembang Kota Kabupaten Rembang. Sampel dibagi dalam 4 kelompok yaitu : kelompok yang mendapat suplementasi pil besi folat 60 mg elemental besi dan asam folat 0,250mg (n = 49 anak), kelompok suplementasi pil vitamin C 100mg (n=46 anak), kelompok yang mendapat suplementasi kombinasi pil besi folat dan vitamin C (n = 48 anak) dan Plasebo (n =46 anak). Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 3 bulan yaitu pada bulan September sampai dengan bulan Nopember tahun 2000. Hasil Penelitian : Kadar haemoglobin sebelum dan sesudah suplementasi terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna. Sesudah suplementasi antar keempat kelompok mengalami kenaikan kadar haemoglobin yang bermakna secara statistik (F=17,568, 10,000). Kadar haemoglobin sesudah suplementasi pada kelompok perlakuan mengalami kenaikan yang lebih tinggi apabila dibandingkan dengan Plasebo. Kelompok suplementasi kombinasi pil besi folat dan vitamin C mengalami kenaikan kadar haemoglobin yang lebih tinggi dibanding dengan suplementasi pil besi folat saja atau pil vitamin C saja. Suplementasi pil vitamin C tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna dengan suplementasi pil besi folat untuk meningkatkan kadar haemoglobin. Kesimpulan : Suplementasi kombinasi pil besi folat dan vitamin C dapat lebih meningkatkan kadar haemoglobin dibandingkan dengan suplementasi pil besi folat saja atau pil vitamin C saja. Suplementasi vitamin C mempunyai efektifitas yang sama dengan suplementasi pil besi folat.

Background: Anemia in the Indonesian elementary school children is still sufficiently high. One of the causes is the low food consumption and environmental sanitation. The efforts to reduce the anemic prevalence was by supplementing folic iron and vitamin C tablets. Objective: To know the supplementation effects in the combination of folic iron and vitamin C tablets towards the increase of haemoglobin level compared with the folic iron tablet or vitamin C supplementation. Study Design: The study was a randomized placebo controlled trial. The object of the study is the anemic 6 — 12 year old elementary school children in the fisherman villages in the subdistrict of Rembang, the regency of Rembang. The samples are divided into 4 groups : one supplemented with iron tablets 60 mg iron elemental and folic acid 0,250 mg (n = 49 ), next supplemented with vitamin C 100 mg ( n = 46 ), other with the combination of the folic iron tablets and vitamin C ( n = 48 ) and the last with placebo ( n = 46 ). The level of haemoglobin was measured before and after the supplementation with the cyanmethemoglobin method. The research has been conducted for three months, from September up to November 2000. Results The haemoglobin level had significant differences before and after the supplementation programs. There were statistically significant increases of haemoglobin level (F = 17,568, p = 0,000) after the supplementation. The target groups performed the higher increase of the haemoglobin level than that of the placebo supplementation only. The one with the folic iron tablets and vitamin C provided the higher increase, which was statistically significant, than that with the folic iron tablets or respectively. The supplementation of vitamin C tablets is the same effective as that of the folic iron tablets in the increasing the haemoglobin level. Conclusion: The supplementation of the folic iron tablets and vitamin C once a week within three months is able to increase the haemoglobin level higher than that of the folic iron tablets or vitamin C respectively to improve the level of the haemoglobin of the anemic elementary school children.

Kata Kunci : Anak sekolah dasar, suplementasi pil besi folat dan nil vitamin C, kadar haemoglobin, Elementary school children, supplementation of folic iron tablets and vitamin C , level of haemoglobin


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