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Kebutuhan tenaga keperawatan dan penerapan standar asuhan keperawatan di RSUD Sanggau Kalimantan Barat

MARYONO, Sri Werdati, SKM.,M.Kes

2004 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Jumlah tenaga keperawatan di RSUD Sanggau adalah 78 orang dengan jumlah TT 99 dan BOR tahun 2003 adalah 52,62%. Mengacu kepada Kepmenkes 1979, jumlah tenaga keperawatan yang ada dibandingkan dengan TT, maka terdapat kekurangan 21 perawat. Perencanaan kebutuhan tenaga keperawatan belum mempertimbangkan beban kerja. RSUD Sanggau belum melakukan akreditasi dan belum pernah dilakukan evaluasi terhadap menerapkan Standar Asuhan Keperawatan (SAK). Tujuan penelitian : Manganalisis tingkat ketergantungan pasien, menghitung tenaga dan menganalisis penerapan SAK. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan cross sectional-survey. Unit analisis adalah semua instalasi rawat inap, rawat jalan, kamar operasi, IGD, dan rekam medik dengan populasi perawat dan pasien yang terlibat dalam asuhan keperawatan serta rekam medik pasien yang dirawat di ruang Bedah. Pendekatan untuk mengetahui beban kerja perawat digunakan teknik daily log dan penghitungan jumlah tenaga keperawatan menggunakan formula DepKes RI 2002, Gillies, Ilyas dan Permenkes 1979. Penilaian SAK menggunakan instrumen evaluasi penerapan SAK di rumahsakit Depkes Tahun 2001. Hasil Penelitian : Rata-rata pasien yang dilayani per hari adalah 85,7 pasien, terdiri dari ; rawat inap (40,4 pasien), kamar operasi (2,67 pasien), IGD (11,8 pasien) dan rawat jalan (30,71 pasien). Kebutuhan tenaga keperawatan hasil perhitungan; formula Depkes 2002 (115 perawat), Gillies/Ilyas (90 perawat) dan Permenkes 1979 (99 perawat). Penerapan SAK untuk studi dokumentasi 26,74%, persepsi pasien/ keluarga 71,01% dan tindakan keperawatan 79,10% maka rata-rata penerapan SAK di RSUD Sanggau adalah 58,95%. Kesimpulan : Kategori perawatan maksimal masih relatif tinggi (17%), tidak ada kategori operasi besar, kasus tidak mendesak di IGD masih relatif tinggi (46,35%), dan rata-rata jam perawatan di rawat jalan adalah 9,9 menit per pasien. Kebutuhan ideal tenaga keperawatan di RSUD Sanggau adalah 102 perawat yang terdiri dari 61 perawat profersional dan 41 perawat non profesional. RSUD Sanggau belum menerapkan SAK dengan baik dan benar.

Background: At RSUD Sanggau there are 78 nursing professionals with 99 beds and bed occupancy rate (BOR) in 2003 were 52.62%. According to Ministry of Health Regulation 1979, 21 additional nurses are needed. Planning of nursing professional need has not yet considered work load. RSUD Sanggau has not applied accreditation and evaluation of nursing care standard has never been carried out. Objectives: The study was meant to analyze the need for nursing professionals and the implementation of nursing care standard. Methods: The study was of descriptive type which used a cross sectional survey design. The analysis unit were all installations of inpatient, outpatient, operation room, emergency room and medical records. Population were nurses involved in nursing care and patients treated at surgery room. Daily log techniques were used to identify nurses' work load and the calculation of nursing professionals used formula of Ministry of Health 2002, Gillies, llyas and Ministry of Health Regulation 1979. The evaluation of Nursing Care Standard used evaluation instrument of Nursing Care Standard implementation at hospitals of Ministry of Health 2001. Results: The average number of patients treated per day were 85.7 patients, comprising: inpatient (40.4 patients), operation room (2.67 patients), emergency installation (11.8 patients) and outpatient (30.71 patients). The need for nursing professionals according to Ministry of Health formula 2002 (115 nurses), Gillies/llyas (90 nurses) and Ministry of Health Regulation 1979 (99 nurses). The implementation of Nursing Care Standard for documentation studies 26.74%, patients'/families' perception 71.01% and nursing treatment 79.10%. Average implementation of Nursing Care Standard at RSUD Sanggau were 58.95%. Conclusion: Maximum nursing category was relatively high (17%); there was no major operation category; non emergency case at emergency room was relatively high (46.35%), and average time of treatment for outpatients were 9.9 minutes per patient. Ideal need for nursing professionals at RSUD Sanggau were 102 nurses, consisting of 61 professional nurses and 41 non professional nurses. RSUD Sanggau had not yet implemented good and appropriate nursing care standard.

Kata Kunci : Tenaga Keperawatan, Standar Asuhan Keperawatan (SAK)


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